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        <h1 class="title">手写线程池</h1>
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                <time datetime="2020-04-17T12:30:47.000Z" itemprop="datePublished" class="page-time">
  2020-04-17
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            <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#线程成本"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">线程成本</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#线程池构成"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">线程池构成</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#自定义线程池"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">自定义线程池</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#测试"><span class="post-toc-number">4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">测试</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#线程池数量多少合适"><span class="post-toc-number">5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">线程池数量多少合适</span></a></li></ol>
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        <h1 class="post-card-title">手写线程池</h1>
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            <time class="post-time" title="2020-04-17 20:30:47" datetime="2020-04-17T12:30:47.000Z"  itemprop="datePublished">2020-04-17</time>

            
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            <h4 id="线程成本"><a href="#线程成本" class="headerlink" title="线程成本"></a>线程成本</h4><p>首先我们需要了解线程是不是越多越好？</p>
<blockquote>
<p>1、线程在Java中是一个对象，每一个Java线程都需要一个操作系统线程支持。线程创建、销毁需要时间。如果创建时间+销毁时间&gt;执行任务时间就很不合算。</p>
<p>2、Java对象占用堆内存，操作系统线程占用系统内存，根据JVM规范，一个线程默认最大栈大小1M,这个栈空间是需要从系统内存中分配的。线程过多，会消耗很多的内存。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>从上面我们知道，线程创建，销毁需要时间，线程创建需要占用系统内存。线程的存在是有成本的，这就要看这个成本会不会影响系统性能了。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h4 id="线程池构成"><a href="#线程池构成" class="headerlink" title="线程池构成"></a>线程池构成</h4><p>线程池中有任务，有线程。线程会把任务放入线程中执行。</p>
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<p>如上图，线程池会接收任务，将任务放入仓库中；然后线程会从仓库中取任务，把那个将任务运送至工作内存中执行。当没有任务时，线程阻塞，有任务时线程被唤醒。</p>
<h4 id="自定义线程池"><a href="#自定义线程池" class="headerlink" title="自定义线程池"></a>自定义线程池</h4><p>我们需要一个集合用于存放线程。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1. 多个线程组成</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;Thread&gt; workers;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后再创建一个仓库，这个仓库是一个阻塞队列。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//2.仓库</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> BlockingQueue&lt;Runnable&gt; queue;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>需要一个开关来控制线程。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> isWorking = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>编写线程类的构造函数</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//poolSize: 工作线程数量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//taskSize: 任务数量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">FixedSizeThreadPool</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> poolSize, <span class="keyword">int</span> taskSize)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (poolSize &lt;= <span class="number">0</span> || taskSize &lt;= <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> IllegalArgumentException(<span class="string">"非法参数"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.queue = <span class="keyword">new</span> LinkedBlockingQueue&lt;&gt;(taskSize);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//线程安全的list</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.workers = Collections.synchronizedList(<span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//创建线程，将线程放入集合中</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; poolSize; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Worker worker = <span class="keyword">new</span> Worker(<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        worker.start();</span><br><span class="line">        workers.add(worker);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>创建一个线程类。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//3.具体线程</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Worker</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Thread</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> FixedSizeThreadPool pool;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Worker</span><span class="params">(FixedSizeThreadPool pool)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.pool = pool;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (pool.isWorking || pool.queue.size() &gt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Runnable task = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (pool.isWorking) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    task = <span class="keyword">this</span>.pool.queue.take();<span class="comment">//阻塞方式拿，拿不到会一直等待</span></span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">//非阻塞操作</span></span><br><span class="line">                    task = <span class="keyword">this</span>.pool.queue.poll();</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (task != <span class="keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                task.run();</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"线程："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">"执行完毕"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们再编写一个执行任务的方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">execute</span><span class="params">(Runnable runnable)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (isWorking) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//往阻塞队列中添加任务</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.queue.offer(runnable);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>关闭线程池。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">shutDown</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">this</span>.isWorking = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span>(Thread thread : workers)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="keyword">if</span> (Thread.State.BLOCKED.equals(thread.getState())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           thread.interrupt();<span class="comment">//中断线程</span></span><br><span class="line">       &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="测试"><a href="#测试" class="headerlink" title="测试"></a>测试</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span>  <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">testPool</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">int</span> taskSize = <span class="number">6</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    FixedSizeThreadPool fixedSizeThreadPool = <span class="keyword">new</span> FixedSizeThreadPool(<span class="number">3</span>, taskSize);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; taskSize; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        fixedSizeThreadPool.execute(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"任务被放入了仓库"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                Thread.sleep(<span class="number">2000L</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"线程中断"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    fixedSizeThreadPool.shutDown();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上面的代码并不完善，有兴趣的可以自行完善。项目地址<a href="https://github.com/lvshen9/demo/blob/lvshen-dev/src/main/java/com/lvshen/demo/threadpool/FixedSizeThreadPool.java" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FixedSizeThreadPool.java</a></p>
<h4 id="线程池数量多少合适"><a href="#线程池数量多少合适" class="headerlink" title="线程池数量多少合适"></a>线程池数量多少合适</h4><p>如果是计算型任务？</p>
<blockquote>
<p>cpu数量的1-2倍</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如果是IO型任务？</p>
<blockquote>
<p>则需多一些线程，要根据具体的IO阻塞时长进行考量决定。如tomcat中默认的最大线程数为：200<br>也可考虑根据需要在一个最小数量和最大数量间自动增减线程数。</p>
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